Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Effect of fertilizer management systems on growth and balance of nutrients in wheat cultivation566913125510.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.01ENElham AmjadianDepartment of Agroecology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran University of Science and Research, Tehran, IranArash ZeinodiniChief Executive Officer of Kamregareh Rural Cooperative Company, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-0864-6837Hülya DoğanDepartment of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Science, Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat, TurkeyJournal Article20210505In order to investigate the effect of different fertilizer systems on the accumulation and balance of macro and microelements in the soil and some morphological characteristics of wheat, in order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and to determine the best level of treatments, this experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments include control (T1), manure (T2), vermicompost (T3)), chemical fertilizers NPK (T4), vermicompost + nitroxin (T5), manure + nitroxin (T6), manure + chemical NPK (T7), were examined. The results showed that different nurturing systems were significant for all studied traits (p < 0.01). The use of manure combined with chemical fertilizers had a positive and significant effect on the economic yield of the grain at the rate of 3440 kg/ha so that it caused an increase of 87.71% compared to the control. The highest and lowest biomass yields with 9580 and 3890 kg were related to the treatment of chemical fertilizers and no fertilizer (control), respectively. In this study, chemical fertilizers increased plant height, grain weight per spike and spike weight per plant. The results of the process of changes in soil elements showed that chemical fertilizers had the highest amount of nitrogen (equal to 0.52%) compared to other treatments. Compared to the control, manure increased iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus in the soil by 15.03, 303, 9.16, 8.15, 2.26 and 10 ppm, respectively,. The results of this study showed that the use of manure and integrated fertilizers have better results than other fertilizer treatments in increasing soil nutrients, which can be a good alternative to chemical fertilizers, in the direction of moving towards the principles of sustainable agriculture, while moving towards sustainable agriculture and they will reduce environmental pollution.Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on micropropagation of Nuphar lutea as an endangered species707513272910.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.02ENSepehr KahriziMostafa Parvini Model High School, Area 1 Education, Department of Education, Kermanshah, IranSoheil KahriziShahid Beheshti Talent High School, Area 1 Education, Department of Education, Kermanshah, IranFatemeh RashidiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranNariman RashidiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-7610-6325Journal Article20210205Lotus is one of the most beautiful flowers that due to its sanctity, has a special place among other flowers. <em>Nuphar lutea</em> is one of the most beautiful lotus species that is found in Sarab-e Niloofar Wetland, Kermanshah, west of Iran. Due to the decrease in rainfall, droughts and uncontrolled water withdrawal from the lands around Sarab-e Niloofar Wetland, during the last decade, this wetland completely dried up and all its lotus also disappeared. Due to the above, which shows the very high value of this plant, special attention should be paid to its preservation and survival. After many studies, a plant of <em>N. lutea</em> was found and propagated by tissue culture method in the laboratory of Zagros Bioidea Company and now there are about 200 plants of this species. In this project, first, after finding an <em>N. lutea</em> plant, in the next stage, the collected plant rhizomes were isolated. Then, the rhizomes were washed and disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite. Then under the laminar hood was washed five times with sterile distilled water. Then it was cultured on MS culture media with different concentrations (0.0, 2.5 and 5 mg/l) 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) in three replications. The cultured rhizomes were then transferred to growth chamber conditions. After about a month, seedlings of cultured rhizomes appeared, which were transferred to pots and the pots were placed in water. After sufficient growth, they were transferred to ponds. Statistical analysis showed that 2.5 mg/l BAP had the greatest effect on the propagation of this plant so that 12 seedlings were produced from each piece of the cultured rhizome. Meanwhile, one seedling was produced in the control and 5 seedlings were produced in the amount of 5 mg/l of BAP. For this reason, 2.5 mg/l of BAP hormone was used to propagate the plant.Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Studies on polyploidy induction for improvement of quality traits in ornamental and medicinal plants769013364810.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.03ENMeysam GhasemiDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, IranMitra AelaeiDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, IranFereshteh Akbari SoltankohiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranHamzeh Minaei ChenarDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranElham Bahrami RadDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201210Plants provide food, medicine, fuel and they have a positive impact on human life. Ornamental plants have a fundamental role in the human relationship with nature. Medicinal plants as genetic reserves can be considered as the precious national resource for each country and can be the most primary agricultural product. These two groups of plants are part of the natural wealth and have great economic values. Modern breeding methods are invented to resolve the need to diversify ornamental plants. These methods shorten the length of the breeding period to a good extent as well as affecting in the breeding of some plants whose improvement is not possible due to traditional methods. Creating a genetic mutation to improve quality is a necessity in any breeding program. Using natural and induced mutations in improving gene resources is very effective and as a result, helps in the development of improved and new cultivars of ornamental and medicinal plants. Haploid, double haploid and polyploidy plants are the new sources of germplasm that can be introduced as new cultivars or can be used in breeding programs. One of the breeding works to improve the valuable properties of plants is artificial polyploidy induction. Medicinal and ornamental plants with the complete set of duplicated chromosomes (not the usual ones) consist of more distinctive features such as modified phytochemical features, higher content of medicinal molecules, plant shape, plant color, size, scent and long-lasting flowering. To develop a successful protocol for duplicating the chromosomes, some important factors must be considered such as plant genotype and sample type. The type, amount and duration of mitotic inhibitors must also be considered as principal factors. In this article, significant advances in polyploidy are investigated using various mitotic inhibitors in ornamental and medicinal plants.Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Study of ecological factors on characteristics of germination of Phalaris minor and Bromus tectorum9110113364910.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.04ENEhsan Zeid AliDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran0000-0003-2560-6191Mojtaba HosseiniPh.D. of Weed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Amin FathiPh.D. of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran0000-0002-7539-0053Journal Article20210201In order to recognize the ecological factors on characteristics of germination of <em>Phalaris minor</em> and <em>Bromus tectorum</em>, germination tests were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. The effect of temperature on seed germination in germinator at 15/15, 20/25, 15/30 and 30/20 °C night/day, salinity effects using solutions 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mM sodium chloride and acidity effects were investigated using buffered solutions with pH adjusted to 5 to 9. To study the effect of seed burial depth on the emergence of seedlings in seeds in the research greenhouse of Lorestan University, the seed of each plant was buried at depths of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm. The results showed that the effect of different temperatures on the germination of both plants was significant. So that the highest and lowest germination percentage were at 25/15 (night/day) with 95.5% and 20/20 (n / d) with 0%, as well as germination in both dark regimens Absolute and darkness/brightness for Cheatgrass at temperatures of 25.15, 20.10 and 15.5 ° C was 94%, and no germination was observed at 20/20 °C. Increasing salinity reduced germination for both plants. By increasing the depth, the seedlings of two plants decreased. The lowest and the highest germination percentage of Canary grass in acidity 5 with 30% and in acidity 7 with 96% and in Cheatgrass in acidity 7 were observed and the highest germination with 95% and the lowest in acidity 9 was 26% also were observed.Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield affected by fertilizer and plant density10210813365010.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.05ENHamed ModanloDepartment of Agronomy, Rodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen, Iran.Mehdi BaghiDepartment of Agronomy, Rodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen, Iran.Abbas Ghanbari MalidarrehDepartment of Agronomy, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran.Journal Article20201212In order to study the effect of fertilizer and crop density on some agronomic traits in sunflower, a field experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Agricultural Research Farm of Dasht-e-Naz in Sari, Iran. Main plots included four fertilizer treatments (N<sub>0</sub>p <sub>0</sub>K<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>23</sub>p <sub>25</sub>K<sub>25</sub>, N<sub>46</sub>p <sub>50</sub>K<sub>50</sub> and N<sub>69</sub>p <sub>75</sub>K<sub>75</sub>) and sub-plots included four plant densities (D<sub>50</sub>= 50000, D<sub>60</sub>= 60000, D<sub>70</sub>= 70000, and D<sub>80</sub>= 80000 plant ha<sup>-1</sup>). The results indicated that there was a significant difference in grain yield, biological yield, kernel, and oil yield (p < 0.01) and individual biological yield and the number of empty rows (p < 0.05) by plant density. There was a significant difference in grain kernel ratio (p < 0.05) by fertilizers. F<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>1</sub> had the maximum and minimum grain kernel ratio with 77.40 and 76.30%, respectively. D<sub>50</sub> and D<sub>80</sub> had the lowest and highest grain yield with 5666 and 3633 kg/ha, respectively. Biological yield in D<sub>60</sub> was the lowest but in D<sub>80</sub> was the highest with 10853 and 16460 kg/ha, respectively.D<sub>60</sub> and D<sub>50</sub> had the lowest and highest individual biological yield with 180.90 and 225.90 g/plant, respectively. The maximum and minimum grain yield was obtained in F<sub>3</sub> (4817 kg/ha<sup>)</sup> and F<sub>2</sub> (3968 kg/ha<sup>)</sup>, respectively.Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation2783-13101220210601Effect of Sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of three maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in Takhar climatic conditions of Afghanistan10912013365110.22034/CAJPSI.2021.02.06ENBarakatullah RabbaniDepartment of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture, Samangan University, Afghanistanhttps://orcid.org/00Ali Jawed SafdaryDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Samangan University, AfghanistanJournal Article20210603Crops are the main source of human food supply and among them, grains are more important, among cereals, corn (Zea mays L.) is an important crop due to its high grain and forage yield potential. The research experiment was conducted on maize to find out the effect of different sowing dates and plant density among three genotypes on the performance of maize, in the spring of the 2020 growing season in the Bagh-e-Zakhirah Research Farm of Takhar province Afghanistan. The experiment was laid out as a split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Three planting dates (May 5, May 21, and June 5) as the main factor, three plant densities of 6.5, 8, and 10 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, and three genotypes, SC260, SC600, and SC302 were considered as sub-factors. All treatments sowing date, plant density, genotype, and only interaction effect of sowing date × plant density showed significantly different effects (p < 0.01) on yield and yield components. The results of the present investigation revealed that the highest grain yield 6.99 ton/h was obtained from the sowing date (May 5) and plant density of 6.5 plants/m<sup>2</sup> and the lowest grain yield 6.21 ton/h was obtained from the sowing date (June 5) and plant density of 10 plants/m<sup>2</sup>. In general, the results showed that the sowing on the 5th of May is superior to the 5th of June in terms of grain yield and yield components, and among the three corn genotypes, the SC260 genotype is more batter than the SC600 and SC302 genotypes under the environment condition. Therefore considering all results the first week of May as the sowing date and 65000 plants/h with SC260 genotype could be recommended to the maize grower for the most effective for producing maize.